Building design: Difference between revisions

Latest revision as of 23:23, 5 May 2010

Conceptual Design

Organizations

External Links

Whole Building Design - a website maintained by US National Institute of Building Sciences

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-== '''Conceptual Design''' ==
+== Conceptual Design ==
+See [[conceptual building design]]
-The following lists provide an aide memoir for a number
-of the constraints, parameters and performance
-requirements. They should not be regarded as being
-comprehensive and the reader is invited to add other
-items that experience has shown need to be added.
-'''Typical needs'''
+== Organizations ==
-• Overall dimensions
-• Stairs, doors and windows
-• Façade treatment and appearance
-• Vertical transport
-• Distribution of services
-• Clearance heights and floor spaces
-• Use and architectural layout
-'''Stated constraints are those listed in the Task Statement'''
+== External Links ==
-• Available site dimensions
-• Column spacing
-• Floor heights
-• Minimum clear spans
-• Soil conditions
-• Wind speed
-• Imposed loading
-Unstated constraints are those not mentioned in the Task Statement either through ignorance or because they are taken for granted
+* [http://www.wbdg.org Whole Building Design] - a website maintained by US National Institute of Building Sciences
-'''Architectural constraints'''
+{{Building Design}}
-• Column spacing
-• Stairs, doors, windows and lifts
-• Clear floor-to-ceiling height
-• Structural material
-• Statutory Regulations
-• Fire resistance
-• Roof and drainage details
-• Façade treatment
-• Services (H&V, lighting, water and drainage)
-• Non-structural materials
-'''Building construction constraints'''
-• Fast-build programme
-• Access to site
-• Adjacent buildings
-• Ground conditions
-• Foundation and basement requirements
-• Related to concrete construction: mix-on-site or ready mixed, transport, reinforcement, falsework and formwork, precast concrete, working sequence
-• Floor systems
-• Construction equipment
-• Labour skills
-'''Building material constraints'''
-• Ability to cope with movement: structural movement; intrinsic movement (i.e. shrinkage);temperature (both diurnal and seasonal)
-• Availability (reference countries outside the UK)
-• Durability: maintenance; repair; replacement
-• Appearance: applied finishes; manufactured finishes; weathering
-• Buildability: prefabrication; cast-on-site; method of attachment; connections
-'''Structural engineering and safety constraints'''
-• Statutory regulations and Codes of Practice
-• Structural materials
-• Strength, stiffness, fatigue, etc.
-• Construction method and sequence
-• Possibility of overload
-• Connections
-• Foundations
-• Fire resistance
-• Watertightness, durability and deterioration
-• Column spacing and floor system
-• Stability, bracing and shear walls
-• Future extensions or change of use
-• Distribution of services
-• Architectural layout
-'''Performance requirements'''
-• Structural safety: safely buildable, safe in use, safely removed after use; cracking; records for future alterations and/or extensions
-• Serviceability (all relative to the intended service life): fire resistance; thermal insulation; acoustic insulation; durability and cracking; movement and vibration - load induced and/or inherent to materials
-• Maintenance: Preserve the performance – cracking; records of condition, repairs made, replacements
-• Economic construction: ‘value for money’; Initial cost; cost in use
-• Structure: support external envelope; support the finishes; support the services; support the people and contents
-• Enclosure: non-loadbearing internal walls and partitions; non-loadbearing external walls and windows
-• Finishes: insulation: weatherproofing; wearing surfaces; superficial appearance, inside and outside
-• Services: water supply and storage; heating and cooling, ventilation; prevention of excessive heating or cooling; artificial light; power, lifts, etc.; waste disposal; fire escape; rainwater disposal
-• Basements: watertightness, sumps and pumping; appearance, lighting and ventilation; access – general and emergency
-The features of a feasible scheme will be dictated by a number of analytical, material and constructional parameters
-'''Analytical parameters'''
-• The perception of the loads: imposed, imposed dead, and self-weight or dead loads. The type of load: uniform, point, moving, cyclic, etc.
-• The characteristics of the structural materials: strengths in tension, compression, shear, stiffness of the material (E value), weights. Effects of temperature, moisture and sustained loading
-• Span, height and support conditions: one-way or two-way spanning, simple or continuous spans; combined stresses such as with columns where the compression can be combined with uni-axial or biaxial bending; hinged, sliding or fixed support
-'''Material parameters'''
-• Ability to cope with structural and non-structural movements
-• Availability (restricted in some countries by cost, custom or lack of appropriate skills)
-• Appearance (as required by client of architect, or as available from the method of construction)
-• Durability (influenced by the environment, façade treatment and appearance required)
-• Maintenance (functions of the physical nature of the materials, the environment, expected economic life of the subject, architectural finishes, safety and seviceability constraints)
-• Method of assembly (influenced by the physical nature of the materials, local customs and skills, available machinery, transport and programme) Constructional parameters
-• The construction method shall be safe and stable and may not endanger humans nor adjacent property, roads or services
-• Short- and long-term support during demolition, including underpinning and shoring
-• Control of dust and noise levels
-• Support to sides of excavations
-• Control of groundwater
-• Transport and placing of materials
-• Suitability of mechanical plant and equipment (e.g. scaffolding)
-• Protection of the public, and protection of the amenity and environment
-• Programme
-• Cost
-• Stability during construction
-• Early weathertightness
-• Attention to the special sequence-dependent construction
-'''Technology identification'''
-• Framed system: slabs and beams; columns and walls; cantilevers; girders and Vierendeel girders; portals; bracing
-• Trussed system: trusses; space frames; cable stays; geodesic domes
-• Funicular systems: catenary cable; tents; pneumatics; arches; vaults
-• Surface structures: shells; folded plates
-• Principal axis: transverse; longitudinal; bi-axial (square, circle)
-• Material: steel (rolled sections; traditional site bolted; welded fabrication; site-welded connections); concrete (in situ; precast; pre- or post-tensioned);
-timber; masonry (stone; brick; concrete block); other (alloys; synthetics; glass); composites
-• Foundation: traditional strip footing; pad or pier with groundbeams; pile, caisson, barrette; combined base; raft, cellular raft; basement
-• Stability: gravity structure; bracing; shear walls, core, hull-core; rigid joint; anchors
-• Multi-storey: From ground to roof or full-height frame; raised on pillotis and then full-height frame; Fullheight frame with alternative groups of floors
-(villages) and penetrations (gardens); Core – roof frame – hangers, beams and slabs
-• Floor systems: concrete (beam and slab construction; flat slabs and flat plates; waffle and ribbed slabs; prestressed slabs; precast units; patented systems); steel (metal decking with concrete topping; steel beams with composite concrete slab; steel beams with precast concrete slab); timber (beam, joist and floor boards)
-• Special issues: retaining walls; waterproofing of basements; water-containing structures; earthquake resisting structures.

Building design: Difference between revisions

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